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A list of all the posts and pages found on the site. For you robots out there is an XML version available for digesting as well.
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Ludante kun realaĵo, luktante pli bonan estontecon
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Sample of projects developed by myself.
Collection of software coded by myself which are packed and can be useful for everybody
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Se han hablado mucho de los modelos matemáticos, pero poco se ha dicho de ellos. ¿Para qué sirven? ¿Cuáles son sus limitaciones? Son algunas de las preguntas que nos hacemos en este post.
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En la era de la información, lo importante no son los datos per se, si no cómo los miramos. La calidad está por encima de de cantidad.
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Com viurem la nostra rutina d`aquí a uns anys? Còm afectarà la tecnología al nostre dia a dia. Exploració del futur de la llar en uns anys.
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Descrición da miña aventura experimentando con chatbots. Fallaremos de cal será o futuro dos chatbots e cales serán as oportunidades do mercado.
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En este post exploramos la coexistencia entre la educación y la nueva tecnología. Los nuevos avances tecnologicos están moviendo
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Qualitative basics and considerations about job dynamics and information revolution. In this first approach we visit basic concepts of job market and how can be changes by new techonologies.
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This post contains main guidelines to code a framework. These guidelines are language abnostic and try to prepare you to face this trip with patience and strengh.
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Un primer análisis sobre los parlamentos de Catalunya y España en 2015. Para ello utilizaremos medidas de teoria de juegos cooperativos y lo adaptaremos para entender el equilibrio de poderes en los parlamentos.
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I had the wish of creating a blog like this one for a long time. I am starting now this blog with a lot of good intentions but without any other ambition than to get fun and to improve my communication skills in the differ...
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Support Vectors Machines are generalizations of linear decision boundaries for linearly nonseparable cases. In that notebook its coded from scracht a simple svm and we study how it learns and converge.
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Exploratory Data Analysis of the Data from the Sberbank Kaggle Competition.
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NLP related tasks to check some skills in SQL and python.
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Analysis of the real Blood Glucose variability and the iPhone-detected motion activities of one non-diabetic person.
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A/B testing is a term for a randomized experiment with two variants, A and B, which are the control and variation in the controlled experiment. A/B testing is a form of statistical hypothesis testing with two variants lead...
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Abundance is an ecological concept referring to the relative representation of a species in a particular ecosystem. It is usually measured as the large number of individuals found per sample. How species abundances are dis...
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An action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called...
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The aggregation problem is a general data problem. Aggregated or coarse-grained data is always a lose of information from the actual individual data. That problem affects to most of science but specially the social and eco...
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Agile programming is a paradigm of programming which is composed by a set of solutions and techniques with a common driven principles focused in collaboration, self-organization and adaptability. In the opposite of waterfa...
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In the field of artificial intelligence, the most difficult problems are informally known as AI-complete or AI-hard, implying that the difficulty of these computational problems is equivalent to that of solving the central...
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Algorithmic game theory is an area in the intersection of game theory and algorithm design, whose objective is to design algorithms in strategic environments. Typically, in Algorithmic Game Theory problems, the input to a ...
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Algorithmics is the science of algorithms. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self-contained step-by-step set of operations to be performed. Algorithms perform calculation, data processing, and/or autom...
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Alpha-beta pruning is a search algorithm that seeks to decrease the number of nodes that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tree. It is an adversarial search algorithm used commonly for machine playing of...
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AlphaGo is a computer program developed by Google DeepMind to play Go. It was the first Computer Go program to beat a professional human Go player without handicaps on a full 19x19 board. He also wion a 5-game match with a...
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Arrow’s impossibility theorem is a theorem in the context of social choice theory in which is an Impossibility theorem stating that when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no ranked order voting sys...
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This is a collection of interesting items I see and I collect related with the relation of this two topics: http://www.boredpanda.com/i-made-13-animals-out-of-13-circles/
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is the catch-word assigned to the field of science which is mainly founded in computer science, mathematics and physics and try to replicate human intelligence and human tasks. In this field, i...
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Artificial intelligence marketing (AIM) is a concept of in direct marketing based on leveraging database marketing techniques as well as AI concept and model such as machine learning and Bayesian Network. The main differen...
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a family of bio-inspired models which are used to estimate or approximate functions that can depend on a large number of inputs and are generally unknown. Artificial neural networks ar...
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Automata theory is the study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them. It is a theory in theoretical computer science, under discrete mathematics (a subject of ...
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Bagging (bootstrap aggregating), also called bagging, is a machine learning ensemble meta-algorithm designed to improve the stability and accuracy of machine learning algorithms used in statistical classification and regre...
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A Banach space is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy se...
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A Bayesian game is one in which information about characteristics of the other players (i.e. payoffs) is incomplete. Such games can be converted into games of complete but imperfect information under the “common prior assu...
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Behavioral financial markets is a model of financial markets in the behavioral economics context. There follow assumptions of how the effects of psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors influence on the econ...
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See also Computational intelligence, Mathematical optimization, Computer vision, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Spatial Data Analysis, Data Analysis
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The Black–Scholes or Black-Scholes-Merton model is a mathematical model of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. From the model, one can deduce the Black-Scholes formula, which gives a theoretica...
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Blotto games (or Colonel Blotto games, or “Divide a Dollar” games) constitute a class of two-players zero-sum games in which the players are tasked to simultaneously distribute limited resources over several objects (or ba...
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Bootstrapping can refer to any test or metric that relies on random sampling with replacement. Bootstrapping allows assigning measures of accuracy (defined in terms of bias, variance, confidence intervals, prediction error...
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Brexit is the British withdrawal from the European Union by the referendum celebrated on 23 June 2016. It suppose a huge break of the UK in: Age (empire generation vs Territorial (London, Scotland and North Ireland vs...
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Broca-Wernicke model of language was formulized by Carl Wernicke, hypothesizing a bundle of long axons connecting Broca’s and Wernicke¡s regions. Damaging these connections while leaving both regions without damage will no...
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See also
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Business intelligence (BI) is the set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. The term “data surfacing” is also more...
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A business model is an “abstract representation of an organization, be it conceptual, textual, and/or graphical, of all core interrelated architectural, co-operational, and financial arrangements designed and developed by ...
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Open-source software is widely used both as independent applications and as components in non-open-source applications. Many independent software vendors (ISVs), value-added resellers (VARs), and hardware vendors (OEMs or ...
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A business plan is a formal statement of business goals, reasons they are attainable, and plans for reaching them. It may also contain background information about the organization or team attempting to reach those goals.
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C. elegans, technically known as Caenorhabditis elegans, is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments. The name is a blend of the Greek...
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C is the low-level, general-purpose, imperative computer programming language most used in computer science and computer engineering. C supports structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static ...
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Caffe is an BSD licensed project matlab-like project for deep learning. It is written in C++ and Python. It has API for Matlab, C++ and Python. It is easy to learn and easy to use but it has low flexibility and its complex...
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Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, volun...
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A causal diagram is a graphical tool that enables the visualisation of causal relationships between variables in a causal model. A typical causal diagram will comprise a set of variables (or nodes) defined as being within ...
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A causal network is a Bayesian network with an explicit requirement that the relationships be causal. The additional semantics of the causal networks specify that if a node X is actively caused to be in a given state x (an...
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Causality (also referred to as causation) is the agency or efficacy that connects one process (the cause) with another (the effect), where the first is understood to be partly responsible for the second, and the second is ...
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Chainstore paradox is a concept which purpose of existence is refusing the standard game theory reasoning. It lies in the debate of a non-credible threat response enter in a rational or irrational model, whether we can use...
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The Chomsky hierarchy (occasionally referred to as Chomsky-Schützenberger hierarchy) is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. This hierarchy of grammars was described by Noam Chomsky in 1956. It is also na...
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Church-Turing thesis is a hypothesis about the nature of computable functions. It comes from the demonstration that a general solution to the Entscheidungsproblem is impossible. Church-Turing thesis states that a function ...
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Cloudera Impala is Cloudera’s open source massively parallel processing (MPP) SQL query engine for data stored in a computer cluster running Apache Hadoop.
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Coevolution occurs when changes in at least two species’ genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.
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Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of applied mathematics and theoretical computer science in which is based on find an optimal composed element from a combination of finite set of elements. In many such problems, ex...
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A complete metric space $M$ is a metric space which every Cauchy sequence of points in $M$ has a limit that is also in N or, alternatively, every Cauchy sequence in $M$ converges in $M$.
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Computational intelligence is the ability to obtain near-optimal solutions to tasks that requires some type of intelligence. Usally is defined also as the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experim...
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Complexity theory is the field of theoretical computer science in which is studied whether a problem can be solved at all on a computer, but also how efficiently the problem can be solved. Two major aspects are considered:...
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Computer vision is a field of computer science and mathematics. Computer science takcles the problem of understanding images. That is the field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding ...
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Concurrent programming is a form of modular programming, namely factoring an overall computation into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently (not sequentially, overlapping time periods. So a concurrent programmi...
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A confounding variable (also confounding factor, a confound, or confounder) is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (directly or inversely) with both the dependent variable and the independent vari...
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Connectomics is the subfield of neuroscience related with the production and study of connectomes by assembling and analyzing connectome data sets. Connectome is a map description of neural connections in the brain. More b...
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A context-free grammar (CFG) is a term used in formal language theory to describe a certain type of formal grammar. A context free grammar is a set of production rules that describe all possible strings in a given formal l...
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Convex optimization is the subfield of mathematical optimization which studies the specific problems in which the objective function is convex (minimization) or concave (maximization) and the constraint set is convex. The ...
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A cooperative game is a game where groups of players (“coalitions”) may enforce cooperative behavior, hence the game is a competition between coalitions of players, rather than between individual players. An example is a c...
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A counterfactual conditional (abbreviated CF), in philosophy, is a subjunctive conditional containing an if-clause that is contrary to fact. The term counterfactual was coined by Nelson Goodman in 1947, extending Roderick ...
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Cross-selling is the action or practice of selling an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition...
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Cross-validation is a statistical method for validating a predictive model. Subsets of the data are held out for use as validating sets; a model is fit to the remaining data (a training set) and used to predict for the val...
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Data-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the program statements describe the data to be matched and the processing required rather than defining a sequence of steps to be taken.
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See also Computational intelligence, Mathematical optimization, Computer vision, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Spatial Data Analysis
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Data extraction is the act or process of retrieving data out of (usually unstructured or poorly structured) data sources for further data processing or data storage (data migration). The import into the intermediate extrac...
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Data management is the use of data which requires: Data maintenance Database administration Database management system Data Governance
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Data munging or data wrangling is loosely the process of manually converting or mapping data from one “raw” form into another format that allows for more convenient consumption of the data with the help of semi-automated t...
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Data visualization is viewed by many disciplines as a modern equivalent of visual communication. It involves the creation and study of the visual representation of data, meaning “information that has been abstracted in som...
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DeepDream is a computer vision program created by Google which uses a convolutional neural network to find and enhance patterns in images via algorithmic pareidolia, thus creating a dreamlike hallucinogenic appearance in t...
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The dictator game is a game in experimental economics, similar to the ultimatum game, first developed by Daniel Kahneman and colleagues. Experimental results offer evidence against the rationally self-interested individual...
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Digital economy refers to an economy that is based on digital computing technologies. The digital economy is also sometimes called the Internet Economy, the New Economy, or Web Economy. Increasingly, the “digital economy” ...
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A dissipative system is a thermodynamically open system which is operating out of, and often far from, thermodynamic equilibrium in an environment with which it exchanges energy and matter.
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dMRI (or diffusion MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, DWI or DW-MRI) is an imaging method that uses the Brownian motion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. dMRI is a recent breakthrough in brain mapping allowin...
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Docker is an open-source project that automates the deployment of applications inside software containers. Docker containers wrap up a piece of software in a complete filesystem that contains everything it needs to run: co...
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Dynamic programming (also known as dynamic optimization) is a method for solving a complex problem by breaking it down into a collection of simpler subproblems, solving each of those subproblems just once, and storing thei...
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Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of intera...
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Economic freedom or economic liberty is a hard-to-measure freedom available to members of a society to engage in various economic activities and achieve certain economic outcomes. This is a term used in economic and policy...
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Economic liberalism is the ideological belief in organizing the economy on individualist and voluntarist lines, meaning that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals and not by collective ...
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Economies of scale is an expression used mainly in microeconomics to talk about the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size or scale operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing ...
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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are ...
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EEG (Electroencephalography) is an electrophysiological monitoring method that uses electrodes on the scalp and other techniques to detect the electrical flow of currents in order to record electrical activity of the brain...
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Effective connectivity is the brain connectivity associated to causal relations between parts or elements of the brain. The units correspond to individual neurons, neuronal populations, or anatomically segregated brain reg...
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The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states (in its original formulation) that asset prices fully reflect all available information. A direct implication is that it is impossible to “beat the market” consistently on a ris...
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Emacs and its derivatives are a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility. The manual for the most widely used variant, GNU Emacs, describes it as “the extensible, customizable, self-documenting,...
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The Entscheidungsproblem (also known as the decision problem) is a challenge posed by David Hilbert in 1928. The Entscheidungsproblem asks for an algorithm that takes as input a statement of a first-order logic (possibly w...
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EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) is a postsynaptic potential that makes the post synaptic neuron more likely to fire an action potential. This temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential, caused by ...
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Ergodic theory is a branch of mathematics that studies dynamical systems with an invariant measure and related problems. Its initial development was motivated by problems of statistical physics.
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Escalation of commitment refers to a pattern of behavior in which an individual or group will continue to rationalize their decisions, actions, and investments when faced with increasingly negative outcomes rather than alt...
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Evolutionary economics is a thought framework of economic theories inspired by evolutionary biology. Evolutionary economics is part of mainstream economics as well as a heterodox school of economic thought that is inspired...
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Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an approach to analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics, often with visual methods. A statistical model can be used or not, but primarily EDA is for seeing what the dat...
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Extreme programming (XP) is a software development methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements. The extreme programming strategy is centered in the code pr...
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Feature selection, also known as variable selection, attribute selection or variable subset selection, is the process of selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors) for use in model construction. Featur...
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The Feigenbaum constants are two mathematical constants which both express ratios in a bifurcation diagram for a non-linear map. They are named after the mathematician Mitchell Feigenbaum. These constants are universal, so...
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Fiscal dumping is the term used to define the process that in some competitive environment public institutions are incentivized to lower taxes in order to collect more money or even collect the same. These environments are...
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fMRI (from functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique r...
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The Fokker-Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of the velocity of a particle under the influence of drag forces and random forces, as in ...
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Fortran (derived from “Formula Translation”) is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for sci...
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The free rider problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in an under-provision of those goods or services. The free rider problem is the question of how to ...
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Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, the core of which is formed by the study of vector spaces endowed with some kind of limit-related structure (e.g. inner product, norm, topology, etc.) and the linea...
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Functional connectivity are the statistical dependencies of the activation of some parts or elements of the brain. The units correspond to individual neurons, neuronal populations, or anatomically segregated brain regions....
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Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data (not to be confused with procedure programming). It is a decla...
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The Game of Life, also known simply as Conway’s Game of Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. The “game” is a zero-player game, meaning that its evolution is determi...
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Game theory is “the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers.” Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person’s gains result in losses for the othe...
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A gamma process ${\displaystyle \Gamma (t;\gamma ,\lambda )}$ is a random process with independent gamma distributed increments. It is a pure-jump increasing Lévy process with intensity measure ${\displaystyle \nu (x)=\gam...
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Git is a version control system that is widely used for software development and other version control tasks. It is a distributed revision control system (not as Subversion or CVS which are client-server models) with an em...
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Go (often referred to as golang) is an open source programming language created at Google in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is a compiled, statically typed language in the tradition of Algol and C...
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The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful in forecasting another, first proposed in 1969. Ordinarily, regressions reflect “mere” correlations, but Clive G...
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Hadoop, formaly known as Apache Hadoop, is an open-source software framework for distributed storage and distributed processing of very large datasets on computer clusters from commodity hardware. Apache ease the managemen...
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The halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running or continue to run forever.
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A Hausdorff space, separated space or T2 space, is a topological space in which distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the “Hausdorff conditi...
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Hausdorff dimension is a concept in mathematics introduced in 1918 by mathematician Felix Hausdorff, and it serves as a measure of the local size of a set of numbers (i.e., a “space”), taking into account the distance betw...
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HBase, or Apache HBase, is an open source, non-relational, distributed database modeled after Google’s BigTable and written in Java. It is developed as part of Apache Software Foundation’s Apache Hadoop project and runs on...
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See also
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Hilbert space, named after David Hilbert, is an inner-product space which generalizes the notion of Euclidean space. It extends the methods of vector algebra and calculus from the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and three-...
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Hive, formally known as Apache Hive, is a data warehouse infrastructure built on top of Hadoop for providing data summarization, query, and analysis.
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The Hodgkin-Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates ...
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Homo economicus is the concept in many economic theories portraying humans as consistently rational and narrowly self-interested agents who usually pursue their subjectively-defined ends optimally. Generally, homo economic...
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Inner product space is a normed vector space with an additional structure called an inner product. This additional structure associates each pair of vectors in the space with a scalar quantity known as the inner product of...
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An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP)...
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The integrate-and-fire models are biological neuron models which describes how the neurons produce action potentials. The models are based on the inputs received by the neuron and the mechanism it uses to integrate the inp...
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IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential. The opposite of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is an excitatory p...
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The jackknife is a resampling technique especially useful for variance and bias estimation. It uses random sample of observations to compute it. The jackknife predates other common resampling methods such as the bootstrap....
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Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Originally it was released by Sun ...
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Julia is a high-level dynamic programming language designed to address the requirements of high-performance numerical and scientific computing while also being effective for general-purpose programming, web use or as a spe...
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Lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. It is a universal mode...
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Lasagne is a lightweight library to build and train neural networks in Theano. It is built in the top of Theano and make the construction of Artificial Neural Networks easy. Lasagne is an in-progress open source project.
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Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a generative statistical model that allows sets of observations to be explained by unobserved groups that explain why some parts of the data are similar. In the case of NLP, if observat...
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Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a technique in natural language processing, in particular distributional semantics, of analyzing relationships between a set of documents and the terms they contain by producing a set of c...
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A Lévy flight, named for French mathematician Paul Lévy, is a random walk in which the step-lengths have a probability distribution that is heavy-tailed. When defined as a walk in a space of dimension greater than one, the...
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Lévy process, named after the French mathematician Paul Lévy, is a càdlàg stochastic process with independent, stationary increments: it represents the motion of a point whose successive displacements are random and indepe...
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Linear-fractional programming (LFP) is a generalization of linear programming (LP). Whereas the objective function in a linear program is a linear function, the objective function in a linear-fractional program is a ratio ...
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Linear programming (LP; also called linear optimization) is a type of optimization problem in which requirements are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (ma...
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Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) reduces the dimensionality of high-dimensional data, as it is the text data. LSH hashes input items so that similar items map to the same “buckets” with high probability (the number of buck...
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Location intelligence (LI), or spatial intelligence, is the process of deriving meaningful insight from geospatial data relationships to solve a particular problem. It involves layering multiple data sets spatially and/or ...
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The Lyapunov exponent, named after Aleksandr Lyapunov, or Lyapunov characteristic exponent of a dynamical system is a quantity that characterizes the rate of separation of infinitesimally close trajectories. Quantitatively...
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See also Computational intelligence, Mathematical optimization, Computer vision, Artificial Intelligence, Spatial Data Analysis, Data Analysis
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Macroecology is the subfield of ecology that deals with the study of relationships between organisms and their environment at large spatial scales to characterise and explain statistical patterns of abundance, distribution...
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Mahout, formally known as Apache Mahout, is a project of the Apache Software Foundation to produce free implementations of distributed or otherwise scalable machine learning algorithms focused primarily in the areas of col...
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The Malthusian trap, named after political economist Thomas Robert Malthus, suggests that for most of human history, income was largely stagnant because technological advances and discoveries only resulted in more people, ...
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MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. Conceptually similar approaches have been very well known...
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Markdown is a lightweight markup language with plain text formatting syntax designed so that it can be converted to HTML and many other formats using a tool by the same name. Markdown is often used to format readme files, ...
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Market penetration is a growth strategy stemming from the Ansoff Matrix (Richardson, M., & Evans, C. (2007). H. Igor Ansoff first devised and published The Ansoff Matrix in the Harvard Business Review in 1957, within a...
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Market positioning is “the place a product occupies in consumers minds relative to competing products”. Not to be confused with product positioning. Where the Journal of Advertising Research defines product positioning as ...
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Market segmentation is a marketing strategy which involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, businesses, or countries that have, or are perceived to have, common needs, interests, and priorities, an...
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‘Marketing intelligence (MI) is the everyday information relevant to a company’s markets, gathered and analyzed specifically for the purpose of accurate and confident decision-making in determining market opportunity, mark...
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A Markov process, named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov, is a stochastic process that satisfies the Markov property. A Markov process can be thought of as ‘memoryless’: loosely speaking, a process satisfies t...
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A martingale is a model of a fair game where knowledge of past events never helps predict the mean of the future winnings. In particular, a martingale is a sequence of random variables (i.e., a stochastic process) for whic...
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Mathematical optimization (also knwon as optimization or mathematical programming) is the selection of a best element (with regard to some criteria) from some set of available alternatives (domain).
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MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation and high-level scripting programming language. A proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows m...
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Here is presented a collection of main measures useful to apply in Data Science and Machine Learning algorithms. That is a collection of association rules and performance measures and tools.
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Metaprogramming is the programming paradigm about writing of computer programs with the ability to treat programs as their data. It means that a program could be designed to read, generate, analyse or transform other progr...
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A metric space is a set for which distances between all members of the set are defined. Those distances, taken together, are called a metric on the set. A metric on a space induces topological properties like open and clos...
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The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingness of study participants, men fro...
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Multi-objective optimization (also known as multi-objective programming, vector optimization, multicriteria optimization, multiattribute optimization or Pareto optimization) is an area of multiple criteria decision making,...
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Mutualistic networks are the networks that maps all the mutualistic interaction between all the species in the studied ecosystem. Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which eac...
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Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by ...
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Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics which tries the understand human (natural) languages. It is a field strongly related with human-compu...
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Neuroeconomics is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain human decision making, the ability to process multiple alternatives and to follow a course of action that classic economic theories are not able to explain...
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Neuromarketing is a field of marketing research that studies consumers’ sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. Researchers use technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI...
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Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience is recognized as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such a...
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A niche market is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focused. The market niche defines as the product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs, as well as the price range, production quality ...
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Niche modelling, also knwon as environmental niche modelling or species distribution modelling or predictive habitat distribution modelling or climate envelope modelling, refers to the process of using computer algorithm t...
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A non-cooperative game, in opposition of a cooperative game, players make decisions independently. Thus, while players could cooperate, any cooperation must be self-enforcing. A game in which players can enforce contracts ...
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Non-price competition is a marketing strategy “in which one firm tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of attributes like design and workmanship”. The firm can also distinguish it...
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Statistical mechanics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies, using probability theory, the average behaviour of a mechanical system where the state of the system is uncertain. A common use of statistical mechanic...
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Nonlinear programming is the process of solving an optimization problem defined by a system of equalities and inequalities, collectively termed constraints, over a set of unknown real variables, along with an objective fun...
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A normal space, or normal Hausdorff space, is a topological space X that satisfies Axiom T4: every two disjoint closed sets of X have disjoint open neighborhoods. A normal Hausdorff space is also called a T4 space. These c...
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Normed space or normed vector space is the vector space in which a norm is defined. A normed vector space is a pair (V, ‖·‖ ) where V is a vector space and ‖·‖ a norm on V. A seminormed vector space is a pair (V,p) where V...
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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as m...
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Operations research (or operational research in British usage), is a discipline that deals with the application of advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. Operations research is fuzzy field of research w...
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The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science. Informally speaking, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be polynomially-time verified by a computer can also be polynomially-time solve...
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Pair programming is a software development technique usually placed into the agile programming philosophy. This method is based on the act to put two programmers in the same workstation, one of them writes the code who is ...
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Paradox of competition, or Konkurrenzparadoxon, is a term coined by German economist Wolfgang Stützel which names a model of a situation where measures, which offer a competitive advantage to an individual economic entity,...
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Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously, operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved at the sam...
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Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics which assumes that sample data comes from a population that follows a probability distribution based on a fixed set of parameters. Most well-known elementary statistical meth...
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Parrondo’s paradox, a paradox in game theory, has been described as: A combination of losing strategies becomes a winning strategy. It is named after its creator, Juan Parrondo, who discovered the paradox in 1996. The para...
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A permutation test (also called a randomization test, re-randomization test, or an exact test) is a type of statistical significance test in which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is obtaine...
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PET (Positron emission tomography) a nuclear medical imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a ...
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Pig, formally known as Apache Pig, is a high-level platform for creating programs that run on the Apache Hadoop system. The language for this platform is called Pig Latin. Pig can execute its Hadoop jobs in MapReduce, Apac...
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Poincaré-Bendixson theorem is one of the most important theorems in dynamical systesms. It is a statement about the long-term behaviour of orbits of continuous dynamical systems on a plane.
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A Poisson point process or Poisson process (also called a Poisson random measure, Poisson random point field or Poisson point field) is a type of random mathematical object that consists of points randomly located on a mat...
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Price dumping, or just “dumping”, is a kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged...
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The prisoner’s dilemma is a standard example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two completely “rational” individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It wa...
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Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call. Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, or functions (not to be confused with ma...
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The notion of programming paradigms is a way to classify programming languages according to the style or philosophy of computer programming. Features of various programming languages determine which paradigms they belong t...
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The public goods game is a standard game in experimental economics. In the basic game, subjects secretly choose how many of their private tokens to put into a public pot. The tokens in this pot are multiplied by a factor (...
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Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of cod...
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R is a dynamic statistical focused programming language supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Its power relies in the fact that is a open-source (GNU project) programming language with a strong, large an...
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The race to the bottom is a socio-economic phrase which is used to describe government deregulation of the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions. An outcome of...
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Random forests is a notion of the general technique of random decision forests that are an ensemble learning method for classification, regression and other tasks, that operate by constructing a multitude of decision trees...
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The renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. A change in scale is called a “scale transf...
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Resampling is any of a variety of methods for doing one of the following: Estimating the precision of sample statistics (medians, variances, percentiles) by using subsets of available data (jackknifing) or drawing rando...
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reStructuredText is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation.
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The risk-return tradeoff (also called the risk-return spectrum or risk-reward) is the relationship between the amount of return gained on an investment and the amount of risk undertaken in that investment. The more return ...
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Sage, also known now as SageMath, is a mathematical open source software alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica or MATLAB. SageMath (previously Sage or SAGE, System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation[1]) is mathem...
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Sampling is the activity of choosing or selecting a subset of individuals from within a statistical population in order to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Each observation measures one or more properties ...
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SAS (Statistical Analysis System) is a privative software suite developed by SAS Institute for advanced analytics, multivariate analyses, business intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics. Initially written ...
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Scikitlearn (formerly scikits.learn) is a free software machine learning library for the Python programming language. It features various classification, regression and clustering algorithms including support vector machin...
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Scrum is an iterative and incremental agile software development framework for managing product development. It enables teams to self-organize by encouraging physical co-location or close online collaboration of all team m...
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See also Locality Sensitive Hashing, Semantic Hashing
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Search theory is a theory which is strongly related with economics. Is a theory around the assignation problem. More precisely, search theory studies an individual’s optimal strategy when choosing from a series of potentia...
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Self-organization is a process where some form of overall order or coordination arises out of the local interactions between smaller component parts of an initially disordered system. The process of self-organization can b...
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Semantic hashing uses a word-count vectors obtained from a large set of documents and traines a deep graphical model using semantic information and maps up to the 4th layer where are represented addresses space. Documents ...
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In game theory, a sequential game is a game where one player chooses their action before the others choose theirs. Importantly, the later players must have some information of the first’s choice, otherwise the difference i...
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The shadow banking system is a term for the collection of non-bank financial intermediaries that provide services similar to traditional commercial banks but outside normal financial regulations. Former US Federal Reserve ...
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A horseshoe map is any member of a class of chaotic maps of the square into itself. It is a core example in the study of dynamical systems. The map was introduced by Stephen Smale while studying the behavior of the orbits ...
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Social choice theory or social choice is a theoretical framework for analysis of combining individual opinions, preferences, interests, or welfares to reach a collective decision or social welfare in some sense. A non-theo...
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“Social dumping” is a term that is used to describe a practice of employers to use cheaper labour, than is usually available at their site of production and/or selling. It could be done by two basic ways: Migrant worke...
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A social trap is a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.
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Software development is a process with different steps we have to accomplish. In software development methodology, the software development work is split in different phases for the sake of simplicity and efficiency of the...
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Somebody else’s problem (also known as someone else’s problem or SEP) is a psychological effect where people choose to dissociate themselves from an issue that may be in critical need of recognition. Such issues may be of ...
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Apache Spark is an open source cluster computing framework. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley’s AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation that has maintaine...
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See also Computational intelligence, Mathematical optimization, Computer vision, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Analysis
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Spatial ecology is a specialization in ecology and geography that is concerned with the identification of spatial patterns and their relationships to ecological phenomena. Ecological events can be explained through the det...
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(All Kobe Bryant throws)[http://graphics.latimes.com/kobe-every-shot-ever/]
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A stable distribution (or a stable random variable) is the one that a linear combination of independent copies of a random sample has the same distribution, up to location and scale parameters. The stable distribution fami...
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Statistic Type errors are the errors taken by doing a statistical hypothesis testing.
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Statistical mechanics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies, using probability theory, the average behaviour of a mechanical system where the state of the system is uncertain. A common use of statistical mechanic...
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A statistical hypothesis is a hypothesis that is testable framework process to study and compare data assumption of observing a process that are modeled via a set of random variables. A statistical hypothesis test is a met...
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Stochastic game, introduced by Lloyd Shapley in the early 1950s, is a dynamic game with probabilistic transitions between game states played by one or more players.
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Stochastic optimization (SO) methods are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic problems, the random variables appear in the formulation of the optimization problem itself, which involv...
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A stochastic process, or often random process, is a collection of random variables representing the evolution of some system of random values over time. This is the probabilistic counterpart to a deterministic process (or ...
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The Streisand effect is the phenomenon whereby an attempt to hide, remove, or censor a piece of information has the unintended consequence of publicizing the information more widely, usually facilitated by the Internet. It...
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Structural connectivity (also known as anatomical connectivity) is actual connectivity of the brain. The units correspond to individual neurons, neuronal populations, or anatomically segregated brain regions. The connectiv...
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Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), refers to a diverse set of mathematical models, computer algorithms, and statistical methods that fit networks of constructs to data. A structural equation model is a set of equations in...
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Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consu...
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A target market is a group of customers a business has decided to aim its marketing efforts and ultimately its merchandise towards. A well-defined target market the first element of a marketing strategy. Product, price, pr...
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TensorFlow is an open source software library for machine learning. It is a second-generation API which is currently used for both research and production of commercial Google products. These teams had previously used Dist...
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TF-IDF (Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) is a numerical statistic that is intended to reflect how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a weighting factor in informati...
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Theano is a open source numerical computation library for Python developed mainly by the Université de Montréal. Its name came from greek mithology. It is useful to easy use GPU in order to use deep learning algorithms. It...
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The theory of computation is the branch that deals with how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm. The field is divided into three major branches: Automata theory and language ...
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A topological space may be defined as a set of points, along with a set of neighbourhoods for each point, satisfying a set of axioms relating points and neighbourhoods. The definition of a topological space relies only upo...
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Torch is an open source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a script language based on the Lua programming language. It provides a wide range of algorithms for deep machine learning, and uses th...
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The tragedy of the anticommons is a type of coordination breakdown, in which a single resource has numerous rightsholders who prevent others from using it, frustrating what would be a socially desirable outcome. It is a mi...
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The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory of a situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all use...
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The traveler’s dilemma (sometimes abbreviated TD) is a type of non-zero-sum game in which two players attempt to maximize their own payoff, without any concern for the other player’s payoff. The TD was formulated in 1994 b...
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Trolley problem is a thought experiment in ethics. The general problem states:
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The trust game is similar to the dictator game, but with an added first step. In the trust game, one participant first decides how much of an endowment to give to the second participant, and this amount is typically multip...
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Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. It was introduced in 1988 by Constantino Tsallis as a basis for generalizing the standard statistical mechanics, and is identical in form to Havr...
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The tyranny of small decisions is a phenomenon explored in an essay of the same name, published in 1966 by the American economist Alfred E. Kahn. The article describes a situation where a number of decisions, individually ...
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The ultimatum game is a game in economic experiments. The first player (the proposer) receives a sum of money and proposes how to divide the sum between the proposer and the other player. The second player (the responder) ...
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Unbalance data problem is the problem that the machine learning algorithms have to face in order to model data that have unbalance labels. That’s there are a minority of classes that have little instances in comparison to ...
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The unscrupulous diner’s dilemma (or just diner’s dilemma) is an n-player prisoner’s dilemma. The situation imagined is that several individuals go out to eat, and prior to ordering, they agree to split the check equally b...
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Upselling is a sales technique whereby a seller induces the customer to purchase more expensive items, upgrades or other add-ons in an attempt to make a more profitable sale. While it usually involves marketing more profit...
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vi is a screen-oriented text editor originally created for the Unix operating system. The portable subset of the behavior of vi and programs based on it, and the ex editor language supported within these programs, is descr...
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Waterfall programming is a paradigm of programming in which the software development is a sequential design process. The main steps and tasks to follow sequentially are: Requirement analysis: phase where we have to anal...
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The Wiener process, also known as Brownian motion after Robert Brown, is a continuous-time stochastic process named in honor of Norbert Wiener. It is one of the best known Lévy processes
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Zero-sum games is a mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant’s gain (or loss) of utility is exactly balanced by the losses (or gains) of the utility of the other participant(s). If the total gai...
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Statistical Physics of Balance Theory: using game theory, social networks and Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical physics to model conflicts and wars. Case study of of wars from cold war including Syrian civil war. Related with...
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Amazon Web Services are the services provided by Amazon to manage and drive some computational processes. The services provided by AWS create a big data ecosystem in which storage, cloud computing, networking and database ...
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GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation. It is one of the most ambitious regulations in terms of data privacity and data protection. Its main purpose is ensure that the user knows and controls what the companies...
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Net Promoter Score, or just NPS for short, is a way of mesure the loyalty of a customer based on recomendations. The core idea of it is to ask the customers one single question: How likely is it that you would recommend...
Short description of portfolio item number 1
Short description of portfolio item number 2
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Tools used to study the public bicycle sharing system of Barcelona. This functions were used to study facts from Barcelona throught its transport systems, in a special case of bicycle.
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It is a tool to manage your personal notes and to transform it to other formats and structures.
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Framework to build easily contextual chatbots for small business. The software provides with the possibility to configure conversations from basic configuration files.
Published in Journal 1, 2009
This paper is about the number 1. The number 2 is left for future work.
Recommended citation: Your Name, You. (2009). "Paper Title Number 1." Journal 1. 1(1). http://academicpages.github.io/files/paper1.pdf
Published in Journal 1, 2010
This paper is about the number 2. The number 3 is left for future work.
Recommended citation: Your Name, You. (2010). "Paper Title Number 2." Journal 1. 1(2). http://academicpages.github.io/files/paper2.pdf
Published in Journal 1, 2015
This paper is about the number 3. The number 4 is left for future work.
Recommended citation: Your Name, You. (2015). "Paper Title Number 3." Journal 1. 1(3). http://academicpages.github.io/files/paper3.pdf
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Software coded in python which provides to the user a bunch of measures related to cooperative game theory.
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Program to solve block Honoi-Towers-like problemw with a goal-stack planer solver.
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Program to process data in python for ETL tasks. Allows you to have different data aggregations metrics.
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Package to simulate 1d and 2d dynamical processes which can produce chaotic behaviour.
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Tools for tracking and understanding elections and opinion polls.
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Packages with tools to deal and study time series in python.
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Package which groups different tools for network study. It is composed by network structure and network evolution.
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Software coded in python which provides to the user a bunch of measures related with cooperative game theory.
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This package is a collection of different subpackages that they do not have connection between each other but the use to complement other codes in python.
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Framework to study spatial data in python. This framework can help to easily get spatial features from spatial aggreagations of features from different data points.
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Program to manage notes. It can help to format them or store them properly from raw text files, as well as create a DB from them to use them later by some different applications.
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Framework to build simple chatbots. This framework provides with an easy way to design basic conversations from configurations files.
Published in UC San Francisco, Department of Testing, 2012
This is a description of your talk, which is a markdown files that can be all markdown-ified like any other post. Yay markdown!
Published in UC-Berkeley Institute for Testing Science, 2013
More information here
Published in London School of Testing, 2014
More information here
Published in Testing Institute of America 2014 Annual Conference, 2014
This is a description of your conference proceedings talk, note the different field in type. You can put anything in this field.
Published in University 1, Department, 2014
This is a description of a teaching experience. You can use markdown like any other post.
Published in University 1, Department, 2015
This is a description of a teaching experience. You can use markdown like any other post.
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Analysis i nous instruments d`anàlisis.
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Anàlisis i estudi dels resultats de les elecciones exposant noves eines d`anàlisis.
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Exploració del futur de la llar en uns anys.
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Anàlisis i estudi dels resultats de les elecciones exposant noves eines d`anàlisis.
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La importancia de como mirar los datos.
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La importancia de como mirar los datos.
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Understanding your new company data-wise.
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Understanding your new company data-wise.
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New data jobs are getting created every year at the same pace data community grows.