Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the catch-word assigned to the field of science which is mainly founded in computer science, mathematics and physics and try to replicate human intelligence and human tasks. In this field, intelligence is defined as the flexible rational ability to perceive the environment and take actions that maximize the change of success at an arbitrary goal. Colloquially, the term artificial intelligence is the state-of-the-art techniques able to mimic human functions as learning and complex problem solving. That contains human abilities as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. AI is a too broad field with a lot of subfield which sometimes do not have connections between each other. The main fields of science related with AI are:

• Machine learning: making the machines learn (adapt a model to the data).
• Computer vision: make the machines understand images.
• Computer linguistics and natural language processing: make the machines understand natural language texts.
• Planning: tackling sequential decision-making in a changing environment.
• Robotics: the field physical machines replicate human actions and tasks.
• Computational intelligence: is the abstract field of solve real-world problems of interaction with environment without exact but a valid solutions.

The main tools they use the most of the sub-fields are mathematical optimization, logic, probability methods, economics, information theory and statistical methods. They have strong connections with computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience, as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology.

See also

Computational intelligence, Mathematical optimization, Computer vision, Machine learning, Data Analysis

Material

• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nick-seneca-jankel/ai-vs-human-intelligence-_b_6741814.html

Books

• Russell, S., Norvig, P., & Intelligence, A. (2002). A modern approach. Artificial Intelligence. 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Egnlewood Cliffs, 25, 27.
• Norvig, Peter. (1991) Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common LISP. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.